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Neanderthals: The First Fossil Collectors?

Anthropology.net

Possible Motivations for Collecting The purpose behind these collections remains speculative, but researchers have proposed several possibilities, including aesthetic appreciation, symbolic representation, and social functions such as gift-giving or reinforcing group identity. Navazo Ruiz et al.,

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Human Bio-Cultural Evolution

Anthropology for Beginners

Archaeologists surmise that many early tools were also made of wood and bone, but these do not survive in the archaeological record. Those boundaries are crucial to group identity, and they may be cast in terms of what is considered appropriate self-adornment, or how to communicate properly – that is to say, the “boundary work” of culture.