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For decades, the story of modern human origins seemed relatively straightforward: Homo sapiens emerged in Africa roughly 300,000 years ago, evolving as a single, continuous lineage before expanding across the globe. These groups were apart for a million years—longer than modern humans have been on the planet."
Between 45,000 and 29,000 years ago, early human activity not only altered landscapes but also reshaped the complex web of interactions between scavengers and prey. Large predators, such as hyenas and cave lions, were gradually displaced, while smaller scavengers like foxes and birds thrived in human-dominated environments.
According to new research, it may have also reshaped the evolutionary story of humans in Europe and beyond. Caves, Clothes, and Ochre: A Human Strategy for Survival As the magnetic field declined, the effects on Earth’s surface intensified. The map also shows areas of human activity on a global scale.
In contrast, modern humans have relatively smaller, flatter faces with retracted midfaces and more delicate bone structures. How Faces Grow: A Comparative Approach At birth, Neanderthals already have larger midfaces than modern humans. For decades, researchers have debated the evolutionary forces behind these differences.
Few traits define humanity as clearly as language. Yet, despite its central role in human evolution, determining when and how language first emerged remains a challenge. Every human society on Earth has language, and all human languages share core structural features. But we don’t.
The Footprints That Rewrite History In the shifting gypsum sands of White Sands National Park in New Mexico, a series of fossilized human footprints have surfaced, casting a striking new light on the ingenuity of Ice Age inhabitants. Historically, it was used by Plains peoples to haul loads across the land, often drawn by horses or dogs.
Credit: Stepanchuk and Naumenko, 2025 That age alone would be noteworthy. Eleven of them bore unmistakable marks of human manipulation: flake scars, trimmed edges, and signs of deliberate shaping using techniques otherwise seen in lithic technology. Stone Tools and the Evolution of Human Cognition. University Press of Colorado.
A Quest for Our Earliest Stories Myths and legends have always been windows into the human psyche, revealing our fears, dreams, and attempts to understand the world. Yet, could these stories also encode the history of humanity’s migrations and interactions?
The human brain stands apart in the animal kingdom, not just in sheer size but in its remarkable cognitive abilities. The Role of NBPF14 and NOTCH2NLB At the heart of this discovery is the interplay between two genes that are uniquely human.
A New Chapter in Early Human Dispersal The story of humanity's expansion out of Africa has long been marked by unanswered questions about the timing, routes, and survival of early hominins in Eurasia. Reconstructing the Past: Climate and Ecology A Temperate and Seasonal Habitat The study doesn’t stop at human behavior.
Human societies are built on layers of culture, law, and technology, yet beneath it all, some of the oldest instincts in the animal kingdom continue to shape our world. In A New Approach to Human Social Evolution 1 , neuroscientist and anthropologist Jorge A. At its core, the human brain retains an ancient architecture.
For decades, archaeologists have puzzled over one of humanity’s most crucial technological leaps—when and how early humans began making sharp stone tools. Credit: Archaeometry (2025). Credit: Archaeometry (2025). Eren, and Alastair Key). DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13075 Image by Michelle R. Bebber and Metin I.
Yet, sometimes evolution speeds up—not through natural selection but through human intervention. This convergence, occurring within approximately 100 generations, underscores the profound impact of human-directed breeding. The evolution of species is often framed as a gradual process unfolding over millennia.
The early human settlement of South America stands as one of the last great migrations in human history, yet the environmental conditions that shaped this journey remain debated. Instead of deterring settlement, this cold phase appears to coincide with some of the earliest human activity in the region. ≥2,5000 masl = blue.
The end of the last Ice Age, spanning approximately 14,000 to 11,600 years ago, was a period of significant climatic fluctuations that profoundly influenced human populations in Europe. Credit: PLOS ONE (2025). Humans during the Final Paleolithic apparently responded by migrating to more favorable areas."
An Ancient Practice, Revisited Through Code Knots are one of humanity’s oldest tools—so ancient, in fact, that they predate agriculture, metallurgy, and written language. Despite differences in time, geography, and material culture, many human groups developed the same set of knots—again and again.
From the sprawling villas of Roman elites to the thatched huts of the poor in medieval Europe, textbook history often presents wealth disparity as a consequence of human progress. ” Instead, the picture that emerges is one of human agency. . ” Instead, the picture that emerges is one of human agency. Bogaard, A.,
The purpose of this symposium is to share approaches to the teaching of human rights and to develop pedagogical materials for the discipline. The symposium will be led by the Editor-in-Chief of Human Rights Review , George Andreopoulos (CUNY John Jay and Graduate Center), and the Pedagogical Section Editor for Human Rights Review , Steven D.
The lack of privacy comes at a cost In Rigby, educators lean toward human interaction. Martin said those are helpful, but must be used in concert with human-led initiatives. Related: Schools are surveilling students to prevent gun violence or suicide. public schools have a threat assessment team in place.
In the long arc of human history, what makes a settlement persist? Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1 , the study draws on data from over 47,000 houses spanning nearly 3,000 archaeological sites and 10,000 years of human history. Assessing grand narratives of economic inequality across time. 1 Lawrence, D.,
The shift from a hunter-gatherer existence to an agrarian lifestyle stands as one of the most profound transformations in human history. However, recent research challenges this narrative, emphasizing the pivotal role of human interactions and demographic dynamics in this monumental change. 122 (14) e2416221122, [link] (2025).
While informative, this perspective oversimplifies the intricate tapestry of human ancestry, which is more akin to a dynamic film than a still photograph. Credit: Science (2025). DOI: 10.1126/science.adp4642.
For decades, the story of how human pigmentation changed as Homo sapiens spread across Europe has been told in broad strokes. Early humans arrived from Africa with dark skin, and as they adapted to lower UV radiation in northern latitudes, their skin lightened—a simple narrative of evolutionary selection. Credit: bioRxiv (2025).
2025 ACLS Leading Edge Fellowships kskordal Fri, 01/17/2025 - 09:03 Image The American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS) announces the seventh competition for Leading Edge Fellowships , made possible by the generous support of the Mellon Foundation. The full roster of partnering organizations and positions is available here.
Female Animals and Animalized Women in the Greek and Roman Worlds kskordal Mon, 01/13/2025 - 15:13 Image Domesticated? Johns, Newfoundland, Canada, June 12-14, 2025. All too often, in these literary configurations, women lose autonomy and become something less than human, perhaps even threatening and bestial. by Feb 21, 2025.
A Discovery in the Desert The story of human migration is often told in sweeping arcs—great waves of Homo sapiens leaving Africa, moving into Eurasia, and eventually populating the entire planet. Credit: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (2025). Credit: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (2025).
More than 46,000 years ago, deep within the caves of what is now northern Spain, a silent drama unfolded between humans and the great beasts of the Ice Age. Credit: Nature Communications (2025). This suggests that human groups may have had to compete more fiercely for caves and hunting grounds than once assumed.
Findings from Malta suggest that these early humans possessed the skills necessary for significant sea voyages, indicating a level of sophistication previously unattributed to Stone Age populations. These include stone tools and animal bones with signs of butchering, suggesting human habitation much earlier than previously believed.
A Genetic Mystery Unraveled For years, scientists have tried to piece together the evolutionary puzzle of human language. What genetic shifts allowed humans to develop the intricate vocal control necessary for language? Research suggests that mutations in the human NOVA1 gene may have played a role in the development of language.
In a study spanning over 42,000 individuals and nearly as many pelvic scans, researchers have painted the clearest genetic picture yet of one of evolution’s most stubborn puzzles: the human pelvis. Understanding the genetic basis of human pelvic proportions and how they impact locomotion, pelvic floor function, and childbirth.
Using machine analysis of over 1,500 bilingual dictionaries spanning more than 600 languages, researchers report that vocabulary is not just a passive catalog of the world, but a cultural archive shaped by what humans find urgent, beautiful, or sacred. It reinforces the idea that the mind doesn’t just mirror the world—it molds it.
A Jawbone from the Edge of the Map Long before shipping lanes crossed the Taiwan Strait, and long before Taiwan was an island at all, an archaic human jawbone settled into the mud of the ancient seabed. ” The Most Elusive of Human Relatives The Denisovans have always been strange occupants of the human family tree. .
The fellowship application deadline is April 11, 2025. With its focus on the Hellenic world, the collection contains materials from antiquity to the present across the social sciences and humanities relating to Greece, its neighboring countries, and the surrounding region. No late applications will be considered.
The Mystery of the First Dogs Dogs, our oldest animal companions, have walked beside humans for tens of thousands of years. If correct, this finding challenges the long-held assumption that deliberate human intervention was necessary for the emergence of early dogs. The Role of Human Food: Was There Enough?
As the authors emphasize, future research should look beyond Western contexts to build a truly global understanding of how humans acquire language. ” This is a wake-up call for linguistics and cognitive science: if we want to understand how humans learn language, we need to look at the full range of human experiences.
Excavations at Bété I uncovered a striking connection between early humans and a wet tropical forest environment, dated to approximately 150,000 years ago using advanced dating techniques such as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and electron spin resonance (ESR). Their conclusion?
During the African Humid Period (14,500–5,000 years ago), this region supported thriving human populations. Their findings, recently published in Nature , challenge existing models of early human migration and isolation in North Africa. Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations.
Credit: Antiquity (2025). This is a rare case where nature has preserved a vital piece of human history. This is not just a discovery about canals—it’s a story about resilience, adaptation, and the enduring human quest to master the natural world. DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2025.19 Rayne, L., & Jotheri, J. Rokan, M.,
All applications must be submitted by Sunday, April 27, 2025. The post Apply Now for 2025 APSA Dissertation Workshops | Deadline: April 27, 2025 appeared first on. Each full-day workshop includes six PhD candidates who present a dissertation chapter, along with two faculty members who lead the workshop and moderate discussions.
But beneath its frozen surface lies a complex history of human migration, isolation, and adaptation. Credit: Nature (2025). If precision medicine is truly the future, it must include all of humanity—not just those whose ancestors lived in temperate climates. American Journal of Human Genetics. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.10.005
An Ancient Cave with Modern Questions Franchthi Cave, nestled in the Peloponnesian peninsula of Greece, has been a silent witness to 40,000 years of human history. Yet, the isotopic signatures of human bones do not strongly reflect these inputs, pointing to their limited dietary importance. Read more 1 Martinoia, V., Papathanasiou, A.,
As 2024 winds down, I wanted to share some of the stories that have resonated most with me this year: First, cozy up with a cup of cocoa and allow yourself to be transported to Norway, where childhood is seen as a time of innate value and child care programs are required to be rooted in values like empathy and a belief in human worth.
Nearly two million years ago, in the high-altitude landscape of the Ethiopian Highlands, early human ancestors at the Acheulian site of Melka Wakena weren’t simply grabbing the nearest stones to use as tools. Some of the bones display telltale anthropogenic marks, suggesting that early humans had a significant presence here.
A ‘Knowledge Revival’ A 2025 book by 10 education researchers in Europe and Australia, Developing Curriculum for Deep Thinking: The Knowledge Revival , makes the case that students cannot learn the skills of comprehension and critical thinking unless they know a lot of stuff first. Weve all been there.
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