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Few traits define humanity as clearly as language. Yet, despite its central role in human evolution, determining when and how language first emerged remains a challenge. Every human society on Earth has language, and all human languages share core structural features. But we don’t.
A new study published in Scientific Reports 1 takes another look at human remains from Maszycka Cave in Poland, and the findings reignite a long-standing debate. Human induced modifications on cranial and postcranial remains. Credit: Scientific Reports (2025). But was it driven by ritual, survival, or violence?
A Quest for Our Earliest Stories Myths and legends have always been windows into the human psyche, revealing our fears, dreams, and attempts to understand the world. Yet, could these stories also encode the history of humanity’s migrations and interactions?
Between 45,000 and 29,000 years ago, early human activity not only altered landscapes but also reshaped the complex web of interactions between scavengers and prey. Large predators, such as hyenas and cave lions, were gradually displaced, while smaller scavengers like foxes and birds thrived in human-dominated environments.
The early human settlement of South America stands as one of the last great migrations in human history, yet the environmental conditions that shaped this journey remain debated. 2 ) takes different cultural components and specific lithic traditions/categories into account. The modelling work (e.g., <2,5000 masl = orange.
The Footprints That Rewrite History In the shifting gypsum sands of White Sands National Park in New Mexico, a series of fossilized human footprints have surfaced, casting a striking new light on the ingenuity of Ice Age inhabitants. Historically, it was used by Plains peoples to haul loads across the land, often drawn by horses or dogs.
A New Chapter in Early Human Dispersal The story of humanity's expansion out of Africa has long been marked by unanswered questions about the timing, routes, and survival of early hominins in Eurasia. Reconstructing the Past: Climate and Ecology A Temperate and Seasonal Habitat The study doesn’t stop at human behavior.
Human societies are built on layers of culture, law, and technology, yet beneath it all, some of the oldest instincts in the animal kingdom continue to shape our world. In A New Approach to Human Social Evolution 1 , neuroscientist and anthropologist Jorge A. At its core, the human brain retains an ancient architecture.
An Ancient Practice, Revisited Through Code Knots are one of humanity’s oldest tools—so ancient, in fact, that they predate agriculture, metallurgy, and written language. Despite differences in time, geography, and material culture, many human groups developed the same set of knots—again and again.
Over 100,000 years ago, Neanderthals and Homo sapiens roamed the Levant, a region that would become a crossroads of human migration. Exposed section of archaeological sediments dated to to 110 thousand years ago at Tinshemet cave A new study, published in Nature Human Behaviour 1 , brings fresh insight into this question.
For decades, the story of how human pigmentation changed as Homo sapiens spread across Europe has been told in broad strokes. Early humans arrived from Africa with dark skin, and as they adapted to lower UV radiation in northern latitudes, their skin lightened—a simple narrative of evolutionary selection. Credit: bioRxiv (2025).
As Omane and colleagues put it: “The idea that a child learns only one particular language from a single caregiver, as is often assumed in Western cultures, does not apply to these communities.” “The common assumptions do not reflect the diversity and complexity found in other cultural contexts such as Ghana.”
The shift from a hunter-gatherer existence to an agrarian lifestyle stands as one of the most profound transformations in human history. However, recent research challenges this narrative, emphasizing the pivotal role of human interactions and demographic dynamics in this monumental change. Szécsényi-Nagy, A.,
The results challenge long-held assumptions about how early humans controlled tool shape and suggest that the differences in Levallois core designs may be more influenced by cultural traditions than previously thought Why Levallois Technology Matters Levallois technology represents a milestone in human cognitive and technological evolution.
An Ancient Cave with Modern Questions Franchthi Cave, nestled in the Peloponnesian peninsula of Greece, has been a silent witness to 40,000 years of human history. Yet, the isotopic signatures of human bones do not strongly reflect these inputs, pointing to their limited dietary importance. Read more 1 Martinoia, V., Papathanasiou, A.,
A ‘Knowledge Revival’ A 2025 book by 10 education researchers in Europe and Australia, Developing Curriculum for Deep Thinking: The Knowledge Revival , makes the case that students cannot learn the skills of comprehension and critical thinking unless they know a lot of stuff first. Weve all been there.
A Discovery in the Desert The story of human migration is often told in sweeping arcs—great waves of Homo sapiens leaving Africa, moving into Eurasia, and eventually populating the entire planet. Credit: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (2025). Credit: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (2025).
Found in different parts of Europe, these two industries have often been grouped together as “transitional industries,” implying that they might share a common technological or cultural origin. Neanderthals vs. Modern Humans: Who Made What? Meanwhile, the Uluzzian industry has long been associated with modern humans.
A Child Buried in Ochre, A Legacy Written in Bone Buried deep within a Portuguese rock shelter some 28,000 years ago, a small child’s ochre-stained bones whisper a tale of interwoven ancestries, ritual significance, and a culture lost to time. Image credit: G.
In the 8th century CE, the Avars—an enigmatic group with roots in the East Asian steppes—settled in Central Europe, weaving a tapestry of cultural cohesion amid genetic diversity. Their findings reveal an intriguing story of cultural integration despite distinct genetic divides.
Soldevilla, LDA A recent study, led by Erik Zamzow and his colleagues, explores the grinding stone deposits of the Linear Pottery Culture (LBK) in Central Europe, revealing a deeply symbolic connection between these objects and human life cycles. ” This variation in wear suggests a metaphorical link to human existence.
The lack of privacy comes at a cost In Rigby, educators lean toward human interaction. Its all about culture, said Chad Martin, the superintendent of Jefferson County School District in Rigby. Martin said those are helpful, but must be used in concert with human-led initiatives.
A Genetic Mystery Unraveled For years, scientists have tried to piece together the evolutionary puzzle of human language. What genetic shifts allowed humans to develop the intricate vocal control necessary for language? Research suggests that mutations in the human NOVA1 gene may have played a role in the development of language.
For decades, archaeologists have described the architectural evolution of early human settlements as a transition from circular to rectangular structures—a shift thought to reflect deeper societal changes. These sites span from the Natufian culture (15,000 years ago) to the early Neolithic period (8,500 years ago).
A Discovery That Reshapes the Story of Human Innovation For over a century, Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania has been the stage for some of the most profound discoveries in human evolution. Credit: CSIC This finding changes the way we think about early human cognition, technological adaptability, and cultural innovation.
Nearly two million years ago, in the high-altitude landscape of the Ethiopian Highlands, early human ancestors at the Acheulian site of Melka Wakena weren’t simply grabbing the nearest stones to use as tools. Some of the bones display telltale anthropogenic marks, suggesting that early humans had a significant presence here.
These instruments, linked to the Umm an-Nar culture, provide compelling evidence of a shared musical tradition between the ancient civilizations of the Arabian Peninsula and the Indus Valley. Al Rahbi Music has long served as a universal language, transcending geographical and cultural boundaries. S., & Douglas, K.
While sites in Iberia, Greece, and the Levant reveal a flourishing network of trade, agriculture, and technology, North Africa—except for Egypt—has often been cast as an empty land, a region untouched by the cultural currents shaping the rest of the ancient world. This is a crucial detail.
Before the soft-footed, domesticated Felis catus found its way into Chinese homes, another feline species occupied human settlements for thousands of years. Their findings suggest that leopard cats filled the niche of rodent control in human settlements long before domesticated cats arrived.
That lack of disturbance makes it an exceptional place to study how humans occupied the region during the final millennia of the Upper Paleolithic. The presence of butchery marks on many of these bones suggests that humans actively hunted and processed animals at the site. Indeterminate bone with a short cut mark; C.
Digital credentials, which adhere to open interoperability standards, provide a machine and human-readable way to showcase those skills and make it easier for potential employers to verify those claims. Skills-based credentials are valuable because they state specific skills in which a learner achieved or displayed competence.
The presence of this distinctive technology so far from its previously known origins raises new questions about ancient human migrations, cultural exchange, and independent innovation. If Denisovans were responsible, this would provide the first material culture directly linked to them.
But in the upland regions of Warner Valley, Oregon, a different kind of evidence is telling the story of early human diets: microscopic starch granules trapped in the cracks of bedrock metates. Anthropologist Lisbeth Loutderback extracting plant residues from a metate at an archaeological site on public land in southcentral Oregon.
Our hybrid conference, scheduled for May 2, 2025 , will be held in person at the Graduate Center in Manhattan and online via Zoom. The event will investigate how landscape features such as rivers, mountains, and other natural elements function as both connectors and boundaries, shaping cultural narratives and societal interactions.
Undergraduate students making an individual submission must ensure their mentors have paid the CAAS membership fee for 2025 before making a submission. women, enslaved humans, people of color) in order to be more inclusive of the changing demographics in American society explore how the incorporation of noncanonical authors or writings (e.g.,
The archaeological discovery of Preclassic clay figurines atop the San Isidro pyramid in El Salvador raises profound questions about the social and ritualistic lives of Mesoamerican cultures. Sokołowski/PASI; Antiquity (2025) The figurines date back to roughly 410–380 BC , predating the rise of divine kingship in Mesoamerica.
National Humanities Center Residential Fellowships 2025–2026 kskordal Wed, 08/07/2024 - 08:35 Image National Humanities Center Residential Fellowships 2025–2026 Call for Applications The National Humanities Center invites applications for academic-year or one-semester residential fellowships.
The Ancient Hearths of Fuente del Salín Fire has long been a cornerstone of human existence, providing warmth, protection, and a means to cook food. But was its use during the Upper Paleolithic purely practical, or did it hold deeper cultural significance? A Ritual of Flames?
2025 Led by Dr. Sara Juengst, an international team of researchers analyzed the burial, comparing it to others from the region. Despite being primarily associated with the much older Valdivia culture (3750–1475 BC), Buen Suceso also contains later burials linked to Manteño occupation. DOI: 10.2307/30042445 Benzoni, G.
When humans feel stressed or disconnected, our brains shift away from the higher-order thinking needed for learning and into survival mode (Arnsten, 2015). There is also more than just one path to mastery - different humans may take different valid routes to achieve the same learning goals (Fischer & Yan, 2002).
The Search for Early Symbolic Expression For decades, archaeologists have debated the origins of symbolic thought in early humans. Was it an innovation exclusive to modern humans, or did our distant relatives also engage in abstract expression? Symbolic behavior in early humans is often difficult to identify with certainty.
The results paint a complex picture of migration, cultural blending, and long-distance connections. Instead, the majority of individuals were of predominantly European origin, maintaining local genetic and cultural traditions. 137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes." 122 (9) e2418485122, [link] (2025).
This conference seeks to examine how literature from various cultures of antiquity conceptualized, experienced, and interpreted altered states of consciousness, whether through ritual, religious practices, pharmacological substances, asceticism, or other means.
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